Electronic Supplement 15
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Organisms
Diversity & Evolution 3 (2003) Electronic Supplement 15 |
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Miguel Vences, Joachim Kosuch, Renaud Boistel, Célio F. B.
Haddad, Enrique La Marca, Stefan Lötters, Michael Veith:
Convergent
evolution of aposematic coloration in Neotropical poison frogs: a molecular
phylogenetic perspective.
print version: Org. Divers. Evol. 3(3): 215-226. 2003 (full
article)
electr. suppl.:
Part 1. Table 1 (List of voucher specimens).
pdf-format, 45 KB
Part 2. Figure (Two
phylogenetic trees). pdf-format, 489 KB
Part 3.
Table (Alternative topologies to the ML tree in Fig. 2). pdf-format, 128 KB
Abstract:
Poison frogs of the family Dendrobatidae contain
cryptic as well as brightly colored, presumably aposematic species. The
prevailing phylogenetic hypothesis assumes that the aposematic taxa form a
monophyletic group while the cryptic species (Colostethus sensu lato)
are basal and paraphyletic. Analysis of 86 dendrobatid sequences of a fragment
of the 16S rRNA gene resulted in a much more complex scenario, with several
clades that contained aposematic as well as cryptic taxa. Monophyly of the
aposematic taxa was significantly rejected by SH-tests in an analysis with
additional 12S and 16S rDNA fragments and reduced taxon sampling. The brightly
colored Allobates femoralis and A. zaparo (Silverstone) comb.
nov. (previously Epipedobates) belong in a clade with cryptic species of
Colostethus. Additionally, Colostethus pratti was grouped with
Epipedobates, and Colostethus bocagei with
Cryptophyllobates. In several cases, the aposematic species have general
distributions similar to those of their non-aposematic sister groups,
indicating multiple instances of regional radiations in which some taxa
independently acquired bright color. From a classificatory point of view, it is
relevant that the type species of Minyobates, M. steyermarki,
resulted as the sister group of the genus Dendrobates, and that species
of Mannophryne and Nephelobates formed monophyletic clades,
corroborating the validity of these genera. Leptodactylids of the genera
Hylodes and Crossodactylus were not unambiguously identified as
the sister group of the Dendrobatidae; these were monophyletic in all analyses
and probably originated early in the radiation of Neotropical hyloid frogs.
Key words: Amphibia, Dendrobatidae, Hylodinae, aposematic color, skin
toxins, phylogeny
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